Marine invertebrates and noise

Within the set of risk factors that compromise conservation marine biodiversity, one least understood concerns is noise produced by human operations at sea and from land. Many aspects how other forms energy may impact natural balance oceans are still unstudied. Substantial attention has been devoted in last decades to determine sensitivity mammals—especially cetaceans pinnipeds—and fish because they known possess hearing organs. Recent studies have revealed a wide diversity invertebrates also sensitive sounds, especially via sensory organs whose original function allow maintaining equilibrium water column sense gravity. Marine not only represent largest proportion biomass indicators ocean health but many species important socio-economic values. This review presents current scientific knowledge on invertebrate bioacoustics (sound production, reception, sensitivity), as well affected anthropogenic noises. It critically revisits literature identify gaps will frame future research investigating tolerance ecosystems.